PHASES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

• The process of assembling or erecting structures on a designated site.
• It involves unloading plant, machinery, materials, cladding, fixture, fitting of installations, formwork, and external finish. 
• The primary goal of building construction is to create functional, safe, and aesthetically pleasing spaces that fulfil specific purposes, such as residential, commercial, industrial, or institutional use.
• The building construction process is a series of routine tasks completed by skilled persons.

PHASES OF BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

The building construction is split into three phases

1. Pre-construction.
2. Construction.
3. Post-construction. 

1. Pre-construction

Planning and Design:

• Conceptual Design: Development of initial ideas and sketches.
• Feasibility Study: Assessing project viability, including budget, site conditions, and regulatory requirements.
• Architectural and Engineering Design: Creating detailed plans and specifications for structural, electrical, mechanical, and plumbing systems.

Site Analysis and Preparation:

• Site Surveys: Conducting soil testing, environmental impact assessments, and topographical surveys.
• Permits and Approvals: Obtaining necessary permits from local authorities and ensuring compliance with zoning laws and building codes.
• Budgeting and Scheduling: Developing a detailed cost estimation and project timeline.
• Contracting: Selecting contractors and signing construction contracts.

2. Construction

Site Preparation:

• Clearing and Excavation: Removing vegetation, debris, and leveling the site.
• Grading and Utilities Installation: Adjusting the land slope for drainage and installing temporary utilities such as water, electricity, and sanitation.

Foundation and Framing:

• Foundation Work: Pouring concrete footings and constructing foundation walls, including basements if applicable.
• Structural Framing: Erecting the structural framework, including beams, columns, floors, and roof structure.

Building Systems Installation:

• Mechanical, Electrical, and Plumbing (MEP): Installing HVAC, electrical, and plumbing systems.
• Insulation and Waterproofing: Adding insulation and ensuring the building is watertight.

Exterior and Interior Finishes:

• Exterior Work: Constructing exterior walls, installing windows and doors, applying siding or other finishes.
• Interior Work: Building interior walls and partitions, applying plaster or drywall, installing flooring.
• Finishing Touches: Painting, decorating, installing cabinetry, fixtures, and trim work.

3. Post-construction

Final Inspections and Handover:

• Quality and Regulatory Inspections: Conducting final quality checks, ensuring compliance with building codes, and addressing any issues.
• Punch List: Identifying and rectifying any remaining defects or incomplete work.
• Occupancy Permit: Obtaining the permit for occupancy and officially handing over the property to the owner.

Project Closeout and Evaluation:

• Documentation: Compiling and handing over all project documentation, including warranties, manuals, and as-built drawings.
• Maintenance Plan: Establishing a maintenance plan for the property.
• Post-occupancy Evaluation: Reviewing the project to assess performance, gather feedback, and identify lessons learned for future projects.

These three stages encompass the entire lifecycle of a building construction project, from initial planning and preparation through to the completion and evaluation of the finished structure.